What is Minoxidil? A Simple Explanation

Minoxidil is one of the most widely studied and clinically proven treatments for hair loss. It’s commonly prescribed for both male pattern hair loss and female pattern hair loss, and has been used in dermatology for decades.

Unlike cosmetic thickening products, minoxidil works directly at the level of the hair follicle to help support regrowth and slow further thinning.

It does not ‘cure’ hair loss – but it can significantly improve hair density and regrowth, and stabilise shedding when used consistently.

How Does Minoxidil Work?

Minoxidil works by improving the environment around the hair follicle.

Here’s what it does:

1. Extends the Growth Phase (Anagen Phase)

Hair grows in cycles. In pattern hair loss, the growth phase becomes shorter over time. Minoxidil helps prolong this phase, allowing hairs to grow longer and thicker before shedding.

2. Improves Blood Flow to the Follicle

Minoxidil is a vasodilator – meaning it increases blood flow. Better circulation helps deliver oxygen and nutrients to the hair.

3. Stimulates Hair Follicles and Hair Growth 

In pattern hair loss, follicles shrink (miniaturise). Minoxidil can help stimulate these follicles to produce thicker, stronger hair. 

Topical vs Oral Minoxidil

Minoxidil comes in two main forms:

Topical Minoxidil

• Applied directly to the scalp

• Usually once or twice daily

• Lower systemic absorption

• Most commonly used first-line treatment

Oral Minoxidil

• Taken as a tablet or capsule

• Used when topical treatment isn’t tolerated or effective enough

• Used if a patient has a preference for oral treatment over topical

• Prescribed under medical supervision

Both forms are effective – but suitability depends on medical history and hair loss type.

When Will I See Results?

Minoxidil requires patience.

Typical timeline:

• Weeks 2–6: Possible increase in shedding
  
  

• Months 3–4: Early signs of improvement (reduced shedding, texture changes)
  
  

• Months 6–9: Visible density improvements
  
  

• 12 months: A more complete assessment of results

Hair grows slowly – and visible change takes time.

Why Does Shedding Happen at the Start?

One of the most important things our doctors wish people understood:

Early shedding can be a normal part of the treatment process.

As weaker hairs are pushed out, healthier hairs begin to grow in their place. This can temporarily increase shedding in the first 2-6 weeks.

This phase is usually temporary and does not mean treatment is failing, it can be the first sign that the treatment is working.

If shedding is worrying you, we cover this in more depth in: What Our Doctors Wish You Knew About Hair Shedding.

What Are the Possible Side Effects?

Minoxidil is generally well tolerated, but like all medications, it can have side effects.

With Topical Minoxidil:

• Scalp irritation

• Dryness or flaking

• Itching

• Unwanted facial hair growth

With Oral Minoxidil:

• Fluid retention

• Increased body hair growth

• Lightheadedness

Side effects are usually dose-dependent and can often be managed by:

• Reducing concentration

• Switching between topical and oral treatment

• Reducing treatment frequency

This is why choosing a partner that offers ongoing medical support is important.

Who Is Minoxidil Suitable For?

Minoxidil is commonly prescribed for:

• Male pattern hair loss

• Female pattern hair loss

• Some cases of chronic telogen effluvium

It is usually suitable for both men and women with personalised treatment.

Who Should Avoid Minoxidil?

Minoxidil may not be appropriate if you:

• Have certain heart conditions

• Have uncontrolled blood pressure

• Are pregnant or breastfeeding (unless specifically advised)

• Have severe scalp inflammation

A consultation helps ensure safe prescribing and correct dosing.

What Happens If I Stop Minoxidil?

Minoxidil works by maintaining the growth phase of follicles. If you stop:

• The biological process of pattern hair loss resumes

• Hair that was preserved may gradually be lost

• Results reverse over several months

For chronic hair loss conditions, ongoing use is usually required to maintain the benefits.

Can Minoxidil Be Combined With Other Treatments?

Yes – and often it should be.

Minoxidil:

• Stimulates growth

• Improves follicle function

But it does not block DHT. In male pattern hair loss especially, combining minoxidil with a DHT-targeting medication (like finasteride or dutasteride) can improve outcomes.

Read more: What Is Finasteride? A Simple Explanation

Read more: What Is Dutasteride? A Simple Explanation

Final Thoughts

Minoxidil is:

• Clinically-proven
  
  

• Backed by decades of evidence
  
  

• Suitable for men and women (although not women trying to conceive, pregnant or breastfeeding)
  
  

• Most effective when used consistently
  
  

• Can form part of a broader treatment plan

It doesn’t promise overnight transformation – but when used correctly and patiently, it can make a meaningful difference.

“Minoxidil has been a trusted solution for hair loss and thinning for decades, with extensive evidence supporting its efficacy. We're proud to make this scientifically proven treatment accessible to those experiencing hair loss.” Dr Margo Gkini, Consultant Dermatologist at Hair + Me

References

1. Gupta AK, Talukder M, Venkataraman M, Bamimore MA. Minoxidil: a comprehensive review. J Dermatolog Treat. 2022 Jun;33(4):1896-1906.

2. Devjani S, Ezemma O, Kelley KJ, Stratton E, Senna M. Androgenetic Alopecia: Therapy Update. Drugs. 2023 Jun;83(8):701-715. 

3. Ntshingila S, Oputu O, Arowolo AT, Khumalo NP. Androgenetic alopecia: An update. JAAD Int. 2023 Jul 22;13:150-158.